Rabbit Anti C4d complement Clonal antibody - 500ul

Advantages of Clonal Antibody:

• Exceptional Specificity: recognizing the corresponding antigen at the concentration >5ng
• Highest possible sensitivity, affinity and avidity
  
• Reliability on any tissue

Specificty: Human

Volume: 500ul

Dilution: 1:100 - 200

Application: IHC-P dilution 1:100 - 200; IHC-Fr application and dilution to be tested by the user

Storage: 4C

C4d rabbit clonal antibody developed by DB Biotech (DB 107, clone A24-T) shows absolute specificity and high sensitivity in the detection of AMR (Antibody Mediated Rejection)in the settings of relatively busy kidney-transplant pathology service. It gives precise results from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue in cases where no fresh tissue is available for further immunofluorescence investigation.

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human transplanted kidney stained with anti-C4d complement (DB 107) antibody shows diffuse strong positive immunostaining of peritubular and glomerular capillaries (A), indicating acute antibody mediated rejection, and diffuse strong positive immunostaining of dilated peritubular moderate capillaries (B), indicating acute antibody mediated rejection.

What is the difference between monoclonal and DB Biotech clonal antibodies?

Clonal antibodies are monospecific such as monoclonals. The principal difference between these two types of antibodies is that the DB Biotech clonal antibodies recognize solely very specifically selected linear epitope on the antigen molecule after its detailed proteomic analysis whereas the monoclonal antibodies recognize very often steric epitopes that frequently change their conformation during tissue preparation, protein extraction, etc., making the corresponding monoclonal antibody unspecific, less avid and in extreme cases not functional.

Case 1: Biopsy 26 months after transplantation because of unstable graft function.
Histologically, focal peritubular capillaritis was noted. Immunohistochemically, up to 60% of peritubular and glomerular capillaries stained with DB Biotech C4d antibody DB107 (A). Case was considered suspicious for antibody-mediated rejection. Somewhat less intensive positive staining with routinely used monoclonal antibody (B).*

Case 2: Post-transplant day 5.
Sudden rise of the serum creatinine after previous decrease. Histologically acute tubular necrosis-like changes were found. Diffuse C4d positivity in peritubular and glomerular capillaries, stained with DB 107 (A and B). This finding, together with positive post-transplant HLA cross-match were diagnostic of acute antibody-mediated rejection.
With the routinely used monoclonal antibody, no C4d staining was found (C and D).*

Case 3: Non-functional explanted graft, with morphological changes consistent with chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (transplant glomerulopathy and capillaritis).
Diffuse C4d positivity in peritubular and glomerular capillaries, stained with DB 107 (A and B) and routinely used monoclonal antibody (C and D).
Both antibodies with comparable staining.*